潮州話拼音方案

ChaoZhou Dialect Romanisation Scheme

1960 年 9 月廣東省教育行政部門公布

1960 September, GuangDong Provincial Education Department Announcement

一字母表

1. Table of Romanising Letters


  a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  

  l  m  n  o  p  q  r  s  t  u  v  

  w  x  y  z

注: f,j,q,v,x,y 七個字母用來拼寫譜通話，拼注潮州話時不用。
另有字母 ê 為 e 的變體，不列字母表內。

NB: f,j,q,v,x,y these seven letters are used for PinYin, but do not have the same sound values when used in the romanisation of ChaoZhu. Also, the letter ê is an alternative form of e (a totally different vowel), and not represented in the above table.

二聲母表

2. Initials Table

b 波	p 抱	bh 無	m 毛
/p/	/p'/	/b/	/m/
d 刀	t 妥		n 挪			l 羅
/t/	/t'/		/n/			/l/
z 之	c 此			s 思	r 而
/ts/	/ts'/			/s/	/z/
g 哥	k 戈	gh 鵝	ng 俄	h 何
/k/	/k'/	/g/	/N/	/h/

Like some Min dialects, Chaozhou has voiced initials, /b/ and /g/.

三韻母表

3. Table of Rhymes


             i    衣      u    污

a    亞      ia   呀      ua   娃

o    窩      io   腰

ê    啞                   uê   鍋

e    余

ai    哀                   uai  歪

oi   鞋                   ui   威

ao   歐      

ou   烏      iou  夭

             iu   憂

             in   丸

an   噯      ian  營      uan  鞍

             ion  羊

ên   楹  

en   秧

ain  愛

oin  閑

             im   音

am           iam  淹      uam  凡

             ing  因      ung  溫

ang  按      iang 央      uang 汪

ong  翁      iong 雍

êng  英

             ih  裂

ah   鴨      iah 益       uah  活

oh   學      ioh 約

êh   厄

oih  狹

             ib  邑

ab   盒      iab 壓       uab  法

             ig  乙       ug   熨

ag           iag 躍       uag  蕕

og   屋      iog 育

êg   液

注:

(1) 潮州話中沒有收 -n 的韻母 ( 只小部分地區有個別收 -n 的韻母例外 ) ，故本方案以 n 附加于元音之後表示鼻化韻，念法與普通話 an, en 等不同。

Within ChaoZhou, there are no rhymes which end in -n, (though there are a few places which do have it, it is uncommon), within this scheme where n is noted, the preceeding vowel is nasalised, and their pronunciations are unlike Mandarin PuTongHua an, en etc...

(2) 潮州話有一套收喉塞音 [ -? ] 的入聲韻母，本方案以 -h 表示。

There are a set of rhymes which end in the glottal stop [ -? ] that form the Ru Tone, in this romanisation scheme, they are represented by -h.

(3) 韻母表中的例字有 ( ) 號者只取其韻母。

Where there are character examples given to indicate the sounds, they are placed within parenthesis ( ).

(4) 韻母表中只收潮州話較常用的韻母，有音無字或管字甚少的韻母不例。如 aon ( 好 ) ，uên ( 橫 )，uin ( 畏 )，oun ( 虎 )， iun ( 幼 )， uain ( 縣 )， aoh ( 樂 )，eg ( 乞 ) 等，表中不收。

The above scheme only represents the common sounds found in the ChaoZhou dialect, there are some sounds which have no characters, or that the numbers of the characters are small for a particular rhyme. For example, aon ( 好 ) ，uên ( 橫 )，uin ( 畏 )，oun ( 虎 )， iun ( 幼 )， uain ( 縣 )， aoh ( 樂 )，eg ( 乞 ) etc, are not shown in the above table.

四聲調表

4. Tone Table

名稱 Tone Name	陰平 Yin Ping	陰上 Yin Shang	陰去 Yin Qu	陰入 Yin Ru
例字 Examples	詩分	死粉	世訓	薛忽
符號 Tone Mark	1	2	3	4
Tone Contour	/33/	/53/	/213/	/21/

名稱
Tone Name 陽平
Yang Ping 陽上
Yang Shang 陽去
Yang Qu 陽入
Yang Ru

例字
Examples 時雲是混示份蝕佛

符號
Tone Mark 5 6 7 8

Tone Contour /55/ /35/ /11/ /4/

名稱 Tone Name	陽平 Yang Ping	陽上 Yang Shang	陽去 Yang Qu	陽入 Yang Ru
例字 Examples	時雲	是混	示份	蝕佛
符號 Tone Mark	5	6	7	8
Tone Contour	/55/	/35/	/11/	/4/

注﹕

聲調符號標在音節的右上角，例如﹕

The tone marking is situated on the top right corner of the sound as follows:


   

           1         2         3           4

     詩  si    死  si    世  si     薛  sih

說明﹕

(1)本方案基本上是根據漢語拼音方案擬訂，原則上不另制新字母，不隨便改變原來的發音。

(1) This system is based more or less on the Mandarin Putongua Pinyin system, in principle it does not preclude new letters, and does not randomly change their original pronunciations.

(2)本方案以汕頭因為依據，其他角縣語音與汕音出人者根據本方案增刪聲韻母（及聲調）。如潮安縣（現潮州市）音有 ie^ng 焉， ue^ng 冤，ie^g 噎，ue^g 越等韻母，海豐陸豐有 ei 韻母，在拼注潮安音和海豐，陸豐音時可酌情增加；又如澄海縣城音缺 im, am, iam, uam 等韻母，潮陽，惠來，海豐，陸豐等縣缺 e 韻母（ e 韻母并入 u 和 i ），拼注上述各地語音時可以刪去。一些聲母發音有不同的，也可適當加以改動，如 iou 韻，除汕頭，潮安，澄海外，其他各縣都念成 iao ，拼注其他各縣音時便可改 iou 為 iao 。

(2) This system was designed for Shantou 汕頭 . Comparing the sounds of Shantou with other districts, differences occur as these other areas have different rhymes and tones.

For example, in ChaoAn District 潮安縣 (now ChaoZhou City 潮州市 ) , they have iêng 焉 , uêng 冤 , iêg 噎 , uêg 越 , e.t.c., rhymes and Haifeng 海豐 , Lufeng 陸豐 has the ei rhyme. Whilst creating the romanisation, ChaoAn and Haifeng sounds can be added to the list of of Shantou sounds. Also, ChengHai City and surrounding districts 澄海縣城 lacks im, am, iam, uam etc rhymes. ChaoYang 潮陽 , HuiLai 惠來 , Haifeng 海豐 , Lufeng 陸豐 and other disctricts lack the e rhyme (this e rhyme has become u and i). The romanisation does not include the above examples.

There are some sounds which differ, and may be appropriate to add these to the list. For example, the iou rhyme, apart from Shantou, ChaoAn, ChengHai, other areas pronounce this rhyme as iao, so when using this romanisation for areas outside the named areas, the iou should be changed to iao.

潮汕方言韻母內部差異表

ChaoShan Dialect Rhyme Differences In Other Districts.

(Those that follow the ShanTou are indicated by "/" mark)




ShanTou   ChaoZhou   ChengHai  RaoPing   JieYang  ChaoYang HaiFeng

汕頭      潮州       澄海      饒平      揭陽     潮陽     海豐

e         /          /         /         /        u        i

io        ie         ie        /         /        /        /

iao       iou        iou       /         /        /        /

oi        /          /         /         /        /        ei

oin       /          /         /         ain      ain      ain

ion       ien        ien       /         /        /        /

uin       uin        uin       /         ui       /        /

am        /          ang       /         /        /        /

iam       /          iang      /         /        /        /

im        /          ing       /         /        /        /

eng       /          /         /         ng/êng   ng/êng   ng/eng

ing       /          /         /         êng      /        in/ing

iang      iêng/iang  /         /         /        /        / 

uang      uêng/uang  /         /         /        /        /

ung       /          /         /         /        /        un/ung

ioh       ieh        ieh       /         /        /        /

oih       /          /         /         /        /        eih

ab        /          ag        /         /        /        /

iab       /          iag       /         /        /        /

ib        /          ig        /         /        /        /

eg        /          /         /         êg       /        /

iag       iag/iêg    /         /         /        /        /

uag       uag/uêg    /         /         uag/uêg  /        /

Note : This table takes as a rule, those few cases where the character pronunciation are different.

Comments

I've taken the liberty to include some ASCII IPA in the section on Initials. Also, I've included the tone contours for this Min dialect, both additions not originally included in the original.

Since the introduction of this romanisation, there have been a number of changes in the sounds of the language over that period of time. The following ryhmes as they currently are.

1960	Today
iou	iao
uam	uang
uab	uag

I have made a table of all the rhymes which occur with which initials in the following table. Some rimes are quite rare. This is after looking through Lin LunLun's Xinbian Chaozhouyin Zidian.

X represents a occurance of Initial with rhyme, therefore, the rhyme -a occurs with initials the zero initial 0 as 'a', and other consonant initials b p bh m d t n l z c s g k ng h as 'ba', 'pa', 'bha', 'ma', 'da', 'ta', 'na', 'la', 'za', 'ca', 'sa', 'ga', 'ka', 'nga' and 'ha', which we label as Rime No. 1. (As above, -n represents a rime ending in a nasalisation of the preceedeing vowel, and, -h is a glottal stop ending.)


      I    N    I    T    I    A    L    S  Rime

Rime 0 b p bh m d t n l z c s r g k gh ng h No.

a    X X X X  X X X X X X X X - X X -  X  X  1

ah   X - X X  - X X X X X X X - X X -  -  X  2

an   X - X -  - X - - - - - X - X - -  -  -  3

ai   X X X X  X X X X X X - X - X X X  X  X  4

ain  X X - -  - - - - - - - - - - - -  -  -  5

am   X - - -  - X X X X X X X - X X -  X  X  6

ab   X - - -  - X X X X X - X - X X -  -  X  7

ang  X X X -  X X X X X X X X - X X -  X  X  8

ag   X X X X  X X X X X X X X - X X -  X  X  9

ao   X X X X  X X X - X X - X - X X X  X  X 10

aoh  - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - X  -  - 11

aon  X - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - -  -  X 12

e    X - - -  - X X - X X X X X X X X  -  X 13

eh   - - - -  - - - - - X - - - X X -  -  - 14

en   X - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - -  -  X 15

enh  X - - -  - - - - - X - X - - - -  -  X 16

eng  X - - -  - X X X - - X - - X X -  X  X 17

eg   - - - -  - - X - - - - - - X X -  X  - 18

ê    X X X X  - X X - X X X X - X X X  -  X 19

êh   X X - X  X - X - X X X X - X X -  -  X 20

ên   X - X -  X X X X - X X X - X X -  X  X 21

êng  X X X -  X X X - X X X X X X X -  X  X 22

êg   X X X -  X X X X X X X X - X X X  X  X 23

i    X X X X  X X X X X X X X X X X X  X  X 24

ih   X X - X  X X X X X X X X X X X -  -  - 25

in   X X X -  - X X - - X X X - X X -  -  X 26

ia   X - - -  - X X - - X X X X X X X  X  X 27

iah  X X X -  - X - - X X X X - X X -  -  X 28

iam  X - - -  - X X X X X X X X X X -  X  X 29

iab  X - - -  - X X X X X X X X X - -  X  X 30

ian  X X X -  X X X X - X X X - X - -  -  X 31

iang X X X -  X X X - X X X X X X X -  X  X 32

iag  X X - -  - X X - X X X X X X X -  X  X 33

iao  X X X -  X X X X X X X X X X X -  X  X 34

iaoh X - - -  - - - - - X - - - - - -  -  - 35

im   X - - -  - - - X X X X X X X X -  X  X 36

ib   X - - -  - - - - X X X X X X X -  -  X 37

ing  X X X -  X X X X X X X X X X X -  -  X 38

ig   X X X X  X X - - - X X X X X - -  -  X 39

io   X X X X  - X X - - X X X X X - -  -  - 40

ioh  X - - -  - X - - X X X X - X X -  -  X 41

ion  X - - -  - X - X - X X X - X X -  -  X 42

iong X - - -  - - - - - - - - - X X -  -  X 43

iog  X - - -  - - X - - - - - - X X -  -  X 44

iu   X X X -  - X X X X X X X X X X -  -  X 45

iun  X - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - -  -  X 46

o    X X X X  X X X X X X X X - X X X  X  X 47

oh   X X X -  X X X - X X X X - X X -  X  X 48

oi   X - X X  - X X - X X X X - X X X  -  X 49

oih  X X - -  - - - - X X - X - X - -  -  - 50

oin  X X X -  - - X X - X X X - X X -  X  X 51

ong  X X X -  X X X - X X X X X X X -  -  X 52

og   X X X -  X X X - X X X X X X X -  -  X 53

ou   X X X X  X X X X X X X X - X X -  X  X 54

oun  - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - -  -  X 55

u    X X X X  - X X - X X X X X X X X  -  X 56

uh     X X -  - X X - - X - X - - X -  -  X 57

ua   X X X X  - X X - X X X X - X X X  -  X 58

uah  X X X X  - X X - X - X X X X X -  -  X 59

uan  X X X -  X X X - - X X X - X X -  -  X 60

uai  X - - -  - - - - - - - - - X X -  -  X 61

uain   - - -  - - - - - - - X - - - -  -  - 62

uang X X X X  X X X - X X X X X X X -  X  X 63

uag  X X - -  X X - - X X X X X X X -  -  X 64

uê   X X X X  X X X - - X X X X X X -  -  X 65

uêh  X - X -  X - - - - - - - - X X X  -  X 66

uên    - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - -  -  X 67

ui   X X X X  X X X X X X X X X X X X  X  X 68

uin  X - - -  - - - - - - - - - X - -  -  X 69

ung  X X X X  X X X - X X X X X X X -  -  X 70

ug   X X - X  X X X - X X X X - X X -  -  X 71



Syllabic m and hm rimes



m    X - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - -  -  X 72



iou, huam and huab are tentative rimes



iou  X - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - -  -  - 73

uam  - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - -  -  X 74

uab  - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - -  -  X 75

Sources :

新編潮州音字典, 林倫倫, 山頭大學出版社, ISBN 7-81036-189-9
潮州音字典, 達甫張連航, 廣東旅游出版社, ISBN 7-0-80521-710-6

Mandarin : Cantonese : ChaoZhou : Hakka : Chinese Index

This page was started on Friday 26 August 1998
and last modified on Tuesday 28th January 2003.

潮州話 拼音方案

1960 年 9 月 廣東省教育行政部門公布

一 字母表

二 聲母表

三 韻母表

注:

四 聲調表

注﹕

說明﹕